4.1.3-5 What are two ways in which the use of images, such as visual data, can cause reputational harm? 

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

A photograph shared outside its original or intended context can harm the reputation of both the person depicted and the person who took the photograph, but in different ways: For the person depicted: the decontextualisation of the image may harm their reputation and...

2.4-3 What should researchers consider when deciding how to publish a visual dataset responsibly?

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

When publishing a visual dataset, researchers should consider whether replacing images with textual descriptions, restricting access, or choosing not to publish certain images would better protect participants. At the same time, they should make sure they have the...

3.4.1-2 If a participant creates a copyrighted work during a research project, what should the project’s researchers determine? 

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

They should determine whether the participant has transferred copyright or granted permission for the storage, sharing, and reuse of their work. If no transfer of copyright has been agreed, participants remain the rights holders of any copyrighted works they create...

3.4-5 What should researchers do before archiving research data? 

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

They should reassess identifiability, permissions, protection measures, and copyright ownership.

3.4.5-2 Before reusing an existing visual dataset, what should researchers check first? 

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

The access conditions, licensing terms, consent provisions, and available documentation for the dataset. This is necessary in order to know what users are allowed to do with the data. 

3.4.5-1 What is the guiding principle of Degrees of Openness?

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

Share visual data as openly as possible and as restrictively as necessary, by adjusting two dimensions: access and usage permissions.

2.2.7-6 In research involving visual data, how does a participant’s consent to the reuse of photographs depicting them relate to the license governing the use of these visual data?

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

The researcher should choose a license that is consistent with the participant’s consent and cannot authorize any reuse that exceeds what has been agreed with them.

2.2.7-5 A researcher reuses photographs of a ceremony that were shared only for similar research purposes. When sharing these photographs as research visual data, can the researcher grant broader permissions to other users? 

by marazzas | Aug 20, 2026 | FAQ

No. They must respect the original permissions (restricted to similar research purposes) and ethical commitments.

4.2.5-6 Can I apply the Swiss second publication right if I am a French researcher working for  a Swiss university and have a publishing contract with an English publisher?

by marazzas | Aug 8, 2023 | FAQ

No. You can apply the Swiss second publication right only if the Swiss jurisdiction is defined in the publishing contract.

4.2.5-5 Can I apply the Swiss second publication right, if the governing law defined inside the publishing contract is German?

by marazzas | Aug 8, 2023 | FAQ

No. In this case you should apply the rules of the German second publication right.